Fruit is a many-seeded berry, densely packed and forming a fruiting head. Inflorescences axillary, ascending, solitary peduncles nearly as long as the petiole, cylindrical spathe fleshy, to 35 cm long, the tube green, the blade lanceolate, not much wider than the tube, yellow to orange, flexing open near the base, then deflexing and dropped spadix yellow, much shorter than the spathe, the sterile flower zone and the distal appendage shorter than the fertile zones. Leaves are arranged in a loose rosette blades pointing downward, 23-55 × 12-38 cm, cordate or lanceolate, sub-coriaceous, green above, glaucous below, the apex obtuse, acute or shortly acuminate, the base peltate-cordate, the margins more or less wavy, with a submarginal collecting vein petioles erect, to 85 cm long, inserted 3-7 cm from base of blade. Storage stem (corm) massive (up to 4 kg), cylindrical or spherical, up to 30 x 15 cm, usually brown, with lateral buds located above leaf scars giving rise to new cormels, suckers or stolons.
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Root system adventitious, fibrous, and shallow. Perennial, glabrous, herb growing to a height of 1 m or more, with a massive, fleshy corm at the base, and lateral, thick, edible runners. Some forms are cultivated for their edible corms while others are grown for their ornamental foliage. In the early twentieth century around 300 varietal names for the crop were recorded in Hawaii, about half of which were estimated to be synonyms ( Whitney et al., 1939). esculenta as a highly variable species, others recognizing several species or varieties within this complex. The number of species recognized varies among authors, some recognizing C. The taxonomy of Colocasia cultivars with edible corms is confusing. Many cultivars adapted to saline conditions, low water availability and/or seasonal flooded soils have been created and are also widely cultivated throughout tropical and subtropical regions ( Onwueme, 1999). esculenta, also known as taro or cocoyam, is cultivated and naturalized throughout the tropics ( Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong, 2005 Randall, 2012). The genus Colocasia includes 8-16 species native to tropical Asia. The family Araceae comprises about 117 genera and 4095 species distributed mostly in tropical areas in the New World, but also in Australia, Africa, and north temperate regions ( Stevens, 2012). 'Euchlora' and esculenta 'Fontanesii') are the most invasive ( Queensland Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries, 2011).
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As a highly variable species, invasiveness varies with cultivar: in Australia, for example, the purple-stalked ornamental garden cultivars (i.e.
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It has the ability to reproduce both sexually by seeds and vegetatively by corms, tubers, and root suckers, and it is adapted to grow in a great variety of substrates and habitats ranging from full sun to deep shaded areas ( Safo-Kantaka, 2004). esculenta has several adaptations that aid its survival as a weed. It is also viewed as an invasive species or aggressive weed in parts of the Caribbean and Americas (see Distribution Table for details).Ĭ.
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In PIER (2012) it is listed as invasive in Hawaii, French Polynesia, the Juan Fernández Islands, the Galapagos, the Kermadec Islands and the Marshall Islands, although it is also widely cultivated in some of these and other Pacific Islands. In Australia, it is regarded as an environmental weed in Queensland, New South Wales and south-western Western Australia ( Queensland Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries, 2011).
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It has been intentionally introduced in many tropical and subtropical regions to be used as a food crop and animal fodder ( Onwueme, 1999 Safo-Kantaka, 2004), and has subsequently escaped from cultivated areas into natural areas where it becomes invasive ( Langeland et al., 2008). antiquorum)Ĭolocasia esculenta is a fast-growing herbaceous plant that originates from a large corm and can grow to 4 ft. Tahia tania tayo yautía coquito yautía moradaĬaraibe caraibe manzoubelle malanga malanga deux palles malanga thiote taro bombou tayo bambou tayo blanc tayo noir Malanga malanga islena oreja de elefante papa china pituca tayoba yautía malanga yautia melendezĪrouille carri arum d'Egypte chou caraibe colocase colocasie madere songe songe blanc songe sauvage stolonifera (Haines) H.B.NaithaniĬhinese potato cocoyam dasheen dry taro eddoe Egyptian colocasia elephant's ear old cocoyam small taro sweet taro true taro